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Blockchain: A new technology for global health development?
Blockchain , the technological innovation behind cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum , has wide applications beyond finance, such as in global health.
The academics write that improving access to and quality of health care across the globe relies on increased capital. Increased investments in the health systems of low-income nations could build the workforce and infrastructure necessary for improvements. But, the scholars write, a lack of transparency in tracking these transactions i. The team suggests a few mechanisms by which blockchain technology might improve global health coverage:. This brief essay explores a key but often overlooked hurdle to using blockchain solutions, which is the complexity that decentralized solutions necessarily introduce.
At times, the benefits of such solutions appear to exceed the added cost of complexity but often they do not. With this tradeoff in mind, the paper considers two use cases, digital ID and health supply chain management. Finally, the paper offers recommendations about how the development community can shift the conversation in a more useful direction. The notion that the technology can substitute for trustful relationships is, in most cases, misguided.
At best, the technology can enhance trust in some relationships by increasing the transparency and immutability of transactions and records. It is also important to recognize that, while early excitement about blockchain focused on the transformative potential of public, permissionless networks like Bitcoin and Ethereum, interest and investment has shifted strongly towards permissioned ledgers, in which only verified parties can participate.
These closed networks are much more likely to help centralized actors achieve efficiency gains than they are to lead to their displacement. Yet even when the assumption holds, moving from a centralized to a decentralized solution always comes at the cost of added complexity. This increased complexity can take different forms. At the most basic level, moving from a system in which a single actor verifies who owns what to one in which many actors share this responsibility requires using a consensus protocol, even the most efficient of which adds delay.
While some of these encryption approaches are no more complex than those used by centralized databases, others, like those that rely on zero knowledge proofs, are more computationally intensive. Additional layers of complexity may be required depending on use case. For example, using blockchain as a platform for digital ID raises the question of how individuals manage their private keys. Perhaps the biggest challenges raised by shifting from centralized to decentralized models relate to legal and regulatory considerations.
In the first instance, companies interested in using the technology must determine how they can comply if at all with existing data security and privacy laws.
In the second, policymakers must consider whether to change existing laws to facilitate the use of decentralized models. It is therefore inherently political. Whether the benefits of using a decentralized model exceed the added cost of complexity ultimately depends on the use case in question. In recent years, a variety of decision models have been created to help guide the process of weighing these tradeoffs a recent iteration, this one produced by the U.
Department of Homeland Security, is presented in Figure 1. Below we explore two development use cases through this tradeoffs lens. At the same time, there is growing concern worldwide about the vulnerabilities associated with the storage and use of personal data by governments and companies. Many believe that both problems could be solved by using a self-sovereign identity SSI approach to ID. Under the generic SSI model, individuals use a digital wallet on a blockchain to store certifications from trusted authorities e.
When the user must show that she has certain attributes to service providers e. Storing verified claims on a blockchain create several potential benefits for users. The first is control: SSI could enable a person to manage both who she shares her personal information with and how much information she shares.
Such a system could also be more convenient, since it could allow people to provide verified information with the touch of a button rather than having to access and submit a wide variety of documents.
Finally, the near-impossibility of tampering with records on a blockchain could provide greater confidence about their authenticity. First, storing ID documents and important records on a blockchain could make it easier for refugees to verify their identity and obtain appropriate services if they relocate e.
Similarly, they could use their digital wallets to store a history of their economic transactions, which would allow them to develop a credit history that could be used to access financing. While these features are promising, the model also has serious limitations. In addition, the portability of IDs generated and stored on a blockchain depends entirely on how many organizations either on or off the network are willing accept them.
For that reason, getting multiple governments and development organizations to agree on a single SSI approach is a prerequisite to developing an effective model. The SSI model also introduces complexities that may make it difficult to scale. While China bans cryptocurrency exchanges and initial coin offerings, the government is set to leverage the underpinning technology -- often without the decentralized part.
Blockchain, for instance, could help track the shipment of luxury goods and authenticate court evidence. In the process of adopting blockchain applications in its own interest, China also wants to become a world leader of the new technology. The Blockchain-based Service Network , or BSN, acts as an operating system for blockchain programs so developers won't have to design a framework from the ground up.
Importantly, it's part of the country's goal to set industry standards and build the underlying infrastructure for blockchain applications worldwide. The brains behind BNS are the State Information Center , an affiliate to China's top economic and reform planner, the country's credit card processing giant UnionPay, telecoms carrier China Mobile, and a little-known Beijing-based startup called Red Date which cut its teeth building smart city technology in China.
There are two main types of blockchains: permissionless, which is public, decentralized and transparent; and permissioned, which is operated by one or multiple stakeholders of a given industry, respectively called private and consortium blockchains.
BSN is designed as a global infrastructure to support both consortium and public blockchains, it says in a white paper published last March. Now BNS is working on the more private part of its infrastructure.
On one level, things are happening quickly in this space. Over the last two years, the largest development organizations have begun to examine how using the technology might help them meet their goals. This includes the World Bank, which established a Blockchain Lab in ; the United Nations, which reports that 15 UN entities are carrying out blockchain initiatives; the Inter-American Development Bank, which is exploring the use of blockchain as a platform for asset registries; and USAID, which recently a published a primer on the topic.
This is all happening as the number of start-ups pitching ideas continues to grow and distributed ledger models continue to evolve. Despite these advances, however, the number of pilot projects underway remains quite small.
While this could be just a matter of timing—many of the organizations mentioned above are now reviewing project proposals—it may also reflect hurdles to implementation that have received insufficient attention to date. Given that blockchain technology is still in an early stage of development, it makes sense that most discussions about its use have focused on its potential rather than obstacles.
Too often, however, boosters of the technology have overstated its capabilities and failed to consider obstacles to adoption. This imbalance has led to unrealistic expectations about what blockchain solutions can do, how easy they will be to implement, and how quickly they can scale, if at all.
The result has been a widening gap between expectations and reality that has naturally led to growing skepticism. This brief essay explores a key but often overlooked hurdle to using blockchain solutions, which is the complexity that decentralized solutions necessarily introduce. At times, the benefits of such solutions appear to exceed the added cost of complexity but often they do not. With this tradeoff in mind, the paper considers two use cases, digital ID and health supply chain management.
Finally, the paper offers recommendations about how the development community can shift the conversation in a more useful direction. The notion that the technology can substitute for trustful relationships is, in most cases, misguided. At best, the technology can enhance trust in some relationships by increasing the transparency and immutability of transactions and records. It is also important to recognize that, while early excitement about blockchain focused on the transformative potential of public, permissionless networks like Bitcoin and Ethereum, interest and investment has shifted strongly towards permissioned ledgers, in which only verified parties can participate.
These closed networks are much more likely to help centralized actors achieve efficiency gains than they are to lead to their displacement. Yet even when the assumption holds, moving from a centralized to a decentralized solution always comes at the cost of added complexity. This increased complexity can take different forms. At the most basic level, moving from a system in which a single actor verifies who owns what to one in which many actors share this responsibility requires using a consensus protocol, even the most efficient of which adds delay.
While some of these encryption approaches are no more complex than those used by centralized databases, others, like those that rely on zero knowledge proofs, are more computationally intensive. Additional layers of complexity may be required depending on use case. For example, using blockchain as a platform for digital ID raises the question of how individuals manage their private keys. Perhaps the biggest challenges raised by shifting from centralized to decentralized models relate to legal and regulatory considerations.
In the first instance, companies interested in using the technology must determine how they can comply if at all with existing data security and privacy laws. In the second, policymakers must consider whether to change existing laws to facilitate the use of decentralized models.
It is therefore inherently political. Whether the benefits of using a decentralized model exceed the added cost of complexity ultimately depends on the use case in question. In recent years, a variety of decision models have been created to help guide the process of weighing these tradeoffs a recent iteration, this one produced by the U.
Department of Homeland Security, is presented in Figure 1. Below we explore two development use cases through this tradeoffs lens. At the same time, there is growing concern worldwide about the vulnerabilities associated with the storage and use of personal data by governments and companies.
Many believe that both problems could be solved by using a self-sovereign identity SSI approach to ID. Under the generic SSI model, individuals use a digital wallet on a blockchain to store certifications from trusted authorities e.
When the user must show that she has certain attributes to service providers e. Storing verified claims on a blockchain create several potential benefits for users. The first is control: SSI could enable a person to manage both who she shares her personal information with and how much information she shares. Such a system could also be more convenient, since it could allow people to provide verified information with the touch of a button rather than having to access and submit a wide variety of documents.
Finally, the near-impossibility of tampering with records on a blockchain could provide greater confidence about their authenticity.
First, storing ID documents and important records on a blockchain could make it easier for refugees to verify their identity and obtain appropriate services if they relocate e. Similarly, they could use their digital wallets to store a history of their economic transactions, which would allow them to develop a credit history that could be used to access financing.
While these features are promising, the model also has serious limitations. In addition, the portability of IDs generated and stored on a blockchain depends entirely on how many organizations either on or off the network are willing accept them. For that reason, getting multiple governments and development organizations to agree on a single SSI approach is a prerequisite to developing an effective model. The SSI model also introduces complexities that may make it difficult to scale.
This includes challenges related to key management. The World Health Organization estimates that one in ten medical products used in low- and middle-income countries is either substandard or falsified SF , with most reported cases 42 percent coming from Africa. Interest in improving health supply chains is not limited to developing countries.
The US Drug Supply Chain Security Act passed in calls for the development of an electronic, interoperable system to identify and trace the movement of prescription drugs distributed in the country by The European Union passed similar legislation in Both initiatives have spurred investment in possible solutions, including blockchain.
Over the last year, several initiatives that aim to use blockchain to meet track and trace regulations have been announced, including The MediLedger Project and a collaboration between DHL and Accenture. The idea of using blockchain technology as a platform for supply chains holds great promise.
He holds a degree in education from the University of Arkansas, with an emphasis in teaching adults. Bob Gravestijn is an intrapreneur who helps organisations build and grow new business ideas, with focus on quality, efficiency and value.
Recently, he participated in commodity trade blockchain projects that became successful startups; VAKT and komgo. R project which has the goal to be a neutral innovative global trade business collaboration tool; an open, decentralised platform infrastructure reshaping supply chain management and facilitating innovations in the supply chain.
In addition to strategy, she also covers trade governance and global standards initiatives. She joined from Asian Development Bank where she was a senior economist working on digital trade, trade finance and innovation. She has also worked in both the public and private sectors on export promotion, trade negotiations, and labor issues. Bart is founder of Seal Network, an award-winning blockchain company that set out to create a global product authenticity and services platform, founded on the belief that by building better products, we can build a better world.
Seal Network won an award at the Blockathon, a challenge to build the next-generation blockchain-based anticounterfeiting infrastructure for Europe organized by the EUIPO, and took part in a trade mission to the United States with Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands and state secretary Mona Keijzer. His talent for innovation enabled him to work on projects in IOT, robotics and blockchain. He is a member of Mensa and holds a Master in Marketing Intelligence completing the honours leadership track at the University of Groningen.
Born as the son of an artist-product designer, his family fell victim to counterfeiters, strengthening his resolve to fight for makers.
Deborah Prince started her career in Standards with UL in She worked in Standards operations for approximately 6 years, starting as a standards staff person writing safety standards.
Senior Industry Research Analyst. For more than 10 years, before covering the position of pre-sales marketing manager at J. Edwards, he worked in the industry as Supply Chain and Plant Manager. Camerinelli is widely quoted by publications ranging from American Banker to the Financial Times. He has spoken at leading trade shows and conferences in Europe, including Sibos and EuroFinance. Hanna C. She holds a Ph. Primary academic research interests are trade, trade policy, economic integration and development.
Apart from her work as university lecturer and researcher, Hanna has substantial experience in applied economics doing numerous trade policy impact assessment projects for the European Commission FTAs covering major parts of the world e. She has considerable practical experience, working on implementing FTAs, surveying exporting SMEs, and economic development thru private public partnerships.
She is currently involved in projects on digital protectionism, cross border data flows, and the effects of blockchain on trade. Khalil is an executive management advisor specialized in Strategy and Operations.
He has more than 15 years of experience working with organizations to identify and develop differentiators, identify and shape opportunities, create and enhance business value, control cost and improve productivity. During his career, Khalil has successfully led and supported organization to set and achieve strategies including cost optimization, expansion and turnaround. He has worked in several industries including oil and gas, heavy industries, retail, real estate and logistics.
Khalil is the head of strategy and development division of Dubai Chamber, where he oversees projects and initiatives related economic development including competitiveness, enhancing ease and cost of doing business, business promotion and attraction, policy planning and development and sectorial development.
The objective of Louise and her competent team at GTS is to provide consulting service combined with innovative solutions to enable the optimization of the international trade, supply chain and logistical environment. Linking all the different trade partners in the international supply chain as well as all the various statutory organizations is a primary drive for the GTS team.
The various statutory bodies include the Customs and Port Authorities as well as the Other Government Agencies who focus on the related aspects of international trade including food safety, standards and health. The GTS team is championing a number of blockchain initiatives with various industry role players to help shape the future of the industry and to modernize the international trade and supply chain landscape. Petya joined Cargill in and after several leadership roles and international assignments in the agricultural commodities trade operations domain became the Global Trade Operations Leader for Cargill Agricultural Supply Chain.
In addition to leading the Strategic Account Management team to deepen customer intimacy and cultivating new opportunities, he was responsible for creating and driving business strategies in the region.
Prior to this recent role, he was the General Manager of CrimsonLogic eTrade Services Pte Ltd a fully owned subsidiary of CrimsonLogic Pte Ltd and his team was responsible for offering innovative and secured electronic connectivity solutions to the trade and logistics industry. Eleni Androulaki has a year track record of driving communications efforts across the private and non-profit sectors.
She works closely with Board members, C-suite executives and global cross-functional teams to realize organizational goals and create lasting impact through compelling communication strategies. Her international experience ranges from commodities, information technology and FMCGs to intellectual property, automotive and the environment.
She has lived and worked in Switzerland for the past 12 years. She is the author of a recently published book entitled "Can Blockchain Revolutionize International Trade? Ganne also leads WTO work on micro, small and medium side enterprises. Prior to this, she various positions at the WTO, including as Counselor to Director-General Pascal Lamy, and in the Accessions Division where she assessed trade policies of governments wishing to join the WTO and advised them on how to improve their business environment.
From to , she held the position of Vice-President and Managing Director for Europe at the Allam Advisory Group AAG , a team of former C-level executives and senior diplomats that specializes in helping businesses expand their operations globally. Ganne is a Yale World Fellow. Marc Kaufman is an intellectual property attorney based in Washington, DC.
Marc concentrates his practice on patent strategy in the technology areas of Fintech, database technology, content distribution, and computer security. Over the last several years, Marc has actively monitored and analysed the emerging patent landscape related to blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. Marc is a co-founder of the Blockchain IP Council. Wu obtained a LL. His main portfolio at the ITC includes policy research and project management in the areas of trade in services, e-commerce, digital economy and cross-border investment.
Prior to joining the ITC, Mr. Mr Devlin has worked for IP Australia for 8 years. He has a strong background in patents with experience in both examination and policy.
Currently, Mr Devlin contributes to the development and strategic direction of domestic and international IP policy and has experience across a broad range of IP issues.
From to he was a Swiss negotiator with responsibilities in an array of positions in foreign economic affairs in international fora United Nations, WTO, OECD and bilateral relations. He was Swiss chief negotiator for trade in services and electronic commerce, in charge of the Doha negotiations and bilateral negotiations. He leads a range of projects and strategic initiatives on trade and trade finance, such as the ICC Trade Register project. Gallen HSG. Hans has in 25 years held a variety of roles in logistics, finance, and marketing mostly running complex IT projects and bridging between business and technology.
The unit elaborates policy initiatives under the Digital single Market to support digital innovation, blockchain and growth of startups and include Startup Europe, ICT standardisation and Innovation Procurement.
She also worked in the area of International Scientific Cooperation. She has a M. Cram-Martos provides expert support to a range of technology activities. Prior to Triangularity, she worked for 25 years at the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 11 of which as the Director responsible for: trade facilitation, global UN electronic business standards, regulatory cooperation, national innovation frameworks and public-private partnerships.
Director of Policy and Global Affairs at ICC, Nikolaus has broad international experience in both the public and private sectors and has first-rate knowledge of international affairs, policy engagement and private sector engagement. She is involved in several Internet- governance-related projects, notably on the fields of e-commerce, artificial intelligence and cybersecurity.
She holds an MA in Latin American Integration from the Federal University of Santa Maria and a law degree from the Federal University of Pernambuco , where she was awarded a research grant to investigate issues related to taxation and electronic commerce. Passionate policy adviser with more than 15 years of professional experience, combining a strong procurement and governance expertise with a deep knowledge of international regulatory standards, EU acquis as well as design and management of the IT, infrastructure and technical cooperation projects.
Since joining the WTO in , he has worked on issues at the intersection of standards, regulation and trade. He holds degrees in economics, international relations and environmental policy from the University of British Columbia and the University of Oxford. Bo Jing, staff software engineer in Baidu Blockchain System Department, has a deep understanding of cryptography, privacy security and lightweight node technology. He also has many patents in the field of blockchain core technology.
He graduated from Wuhan University with a bachelor's degree and obtained his master's degree in Dublin City University, Ireland. He has played a key role in the tech team to help open source the code of Baidu "XuperChain", release Baidu blockchain BaaS, SaaS services and other commercial products.
Now these blockchain products have been successfully used in the Tianping Chain an electronic evidence platform of Beijing Internet Court, clearing system of Aibank.
Leading the growth and direction of Geora, Bridie is passionate about using technology to meet sustainable development goals and connect farmers with financial and digital systems globally. Since , Bridie has navigated the intersection of blockchain and agriculture heading up external relations and the blockchain pilot program at AgriDigital. She manages a group of some experts working on Trade Facilitation and eBusiness projects to produce Trade Facilitation Recommendations and eBusiness standards, that can foster growth in international trade and related services.
Nicholas C. Building strategic, high-value partnerships and reinforcing Geneva as a premier global hub for innovative digital governance as well as for sustainable finance are two of his main areas of responsibility. From to , Nicholas has been Chairman of the Association of Economic Representatives in London AERL , a platform for dialogue between high-level representatives of industry, policy-makers and government, including through the establishment of strategic partnerships with think-tanks.
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Global developers can now deploy their dApps on the Wenchang Chain via BSN, which makes their dApps concurrently compliant with Chinese regulations, a Bianjie spokesperson explained via email. The Wenchang Chain is intended not just for enterprise services but also business-to-consumer and consumer-to-consumer programs. For example, Uptick, a consumer-facing e-ticketing dApp, will soon become the first dApp to launch on the permissioned chain, according to the Bianjie spokesperson.
China's national blockchain network embraces global developers. Load Error. Microsoft and partners may be compensated if you purchase something through recommended links in this article.
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Privacy Statement. Leila began her career at the U. She has also advised the World Economic Forum during their Annual Meetings for three consecutive years. Leila earned a Masters degree in international economics from Columbia University where she was awarded a Program Assistant Fellowship. She also earned a B. Doug is part of the growth team at komgo, responsible for sales, onboarding, client relations and customer success.
Dale Chrystie is business fellow and blockchain strategist for FedEx, based in the Memphis area. Dale's career in transportation began more than 30 years ago at Con-way, Inc. In addition to his work leading the first proof of concept at FedEx using Blockchain technology, he has extensive experience in strategy, quality, process improvement, portfolio management, human resources, operations, sales, education, risk, and standards development.
He holds a degree in education from the University of Arkansas, with an emphasis in teaching adults. Bob Gravestijn is an intrapreneur who helps organisations build and grow new business ideas, with focus on quality, efficiency and value.
Recently, he participated in commodity trade blockchain projects that became successful startups; VAKT and komgo. R project which has the goal to be a neutral innovative global trade business collaboration tool; an open, decentralised platform infrastructure reshaping supply chain management and facilitating innovations in the supply chain.
In addition to strategy, she also covers trade governance and global standards initiatives. She joined from Asian Development Bank where she was a senior economist working on digital trade, trade finance and innovation. She has also worked in both the public and private sectors on export promotion, trade negotiations, and labor issues. Bart is founder of Seal Network, an award-winning blockchain company that set out to create a global product authenticity and services platform, founded on the belief that by building better products, we can build a better world.
Seal Network won an award at the Blockathon, a challenge to build the next-generation blockchain-based anticounterfeiting infrastructure for Europe organized by the EUIPO, and took part in a trade mission to the United States with Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands and state secretary Mona Keijzer.
His talent for innovation enabled him to work on projects in IOT, robotics and blockchain. He is a member of Mensa and holds a Master in Marketing Intelligence completing the honours leadership track at the University of Groningen.
Born as the son of an artist-product designer, his family fell victim to counterfeiters, strengthening his resolve to fight for makers. Deborah Prince started her career in Standards with UL in She worked in Standards operations for approximately 6 years, starting as a standards staff person writing safety standards.
Senior Industry Research Analyst. For more than 10 years, before covering the position of pre-sales marketing manager at J. Edwards, he worked in the industry as Supply Chain and Plant Manager. Camerinelli is widely quoted by publications ranging from American Banker to the Financial Times.
He has spoken at leading trade shows and conferences in Europe, including Sibos and EuroFinance. Hanna C. She holds a Ph. Primary academic research interests are trade, trade policy, economic integration and development. Apart from her work as university lecturer and researcher, Hanna has substantial experience in applied economics doing numerous trade policy impact assessment projects for the European Commission FTAs covering major parts of the world e.
She has considerable practical experience, working on implementing FTAs, surveying exporting SMEs, and economic development thru private public partnerships. She is currently involved in projects on digital protectionism, cross border data flows, and the effects of blockchain on trade.
Khalil is an executive management advisor specialized in Strategy and Operations. He has more than 15 years of experience working with organizations to identify and develop differentiators, identify and shape opportunities, create and enhance business value, control cost and improve productivity.
During his career, Khalil has successfully led and supported organization to set and achieve strategies including cost optimization, expansion and turnaround. He has worked in several industries including oil and gas, heavy industries, retail, real estate and logistics.
Khalil is the head of strategy and development division of Dubai Chamber, where he oversees projects and initiatives related economic development including competitiveness, enhancing ease and cost of doing business, business promotion and attraction, policy planning and development and sectorial development. The objective of Louise and her competent team at GTS is to provide consulting service combined with innovative solutions to enable the optimization of the international trade, supply chain and logistical environment.
Linking all the different trade partners in the international supply chain as well as all the various statutory organizations is a primary drive for the GTS team. The various statutory bodies include the Customs and Port Authorities as well as the Other Government Agencies who focus on the related aspects of international trade including food safety, standards and health.
The GTS team is championing a number of blockchain initiatives with various industry role players to help shape the future of the industry and to modernize the international trade and supply chain landscape. Petya joined Cargill in and after several leadership roles and international assignments in the agricultural commodities trade operations domain became the Global Trade Operations Leader for Cargill Agricultural Supply Chain.
In addition to leading the Strategic Account Management team to deepen customer intimacy and cultivating new opportunities, he was responsible for creating and driving business strategies in the region. Prior to this recent role, he was the General Manager of CrimsonLogic eTrade Services Pte Ltd a fully owned subsidiary of CrimsonLogic Pte Ltd and his team was responsible for offering innovative and secured electronic connectivity solutions to the trade and logistics industry.
Eleni Androulaki has a year track record of driving communications efforts across the private and non-profit sectors. She works closely with Board members, C-suite executives and global cross-functional teams to realize organizational goals and create lasting impact through compelling communication strategies.
Her international experience ranges from commodities, information technology and FMCGs to intellectual property, automotive and the environment. She has lived and worked in Switzerland for the past 12 years. She is the author of a recently published book entitled "Can Blockchain Revolutionize International Trade? Ganne also leads WTO work on micro, small and medium side enterprises. Prior to this, she various positions at the WTO, including as Counselor to Director-General Pascal Lamy, and in the Accessions Division where she assessed trade policies of governments wishing to join the WTO and advised them on how to improve their business environment.
From to , she held the position of Vice-President and Managing Director for Europe at the Allam Advisory Group AAG , a team of former C-level executives and senior diplomats that specializes in helping businesses expand their operations globally.
Ganne is a Yale World Fellow. Marc Kaufman is an intellectual property attorney based in Washington, DC. Marc concentrates his practice on patent strategy in the technology areas of Fintech, database technology, content distribution, and computer security.
Over the last several years, Marc has actively monitored and analysed the emerging patent landscape related to blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. Marc is a co-founder of the Blockchain IP Council.
Wu obtained a LL. His main portfolio at the ITC includes policy research and project management in the areas of trade in services, e-commerce, digital economy and cross-border investment.
Prior to joining the ITC, Mr. Mr Devlin has worked for IP Australia for 8 years. He has a strong background in patents with experience in both examination and policy. Currently, Mr Devlin contributes to the development and strategic direction of domestic and international IP policy and has experience across a broad range of IP issues.
From to he was a Swiss negotiator with responsibilities in an array of positions in foreign economic affairs in international fora United Nations, WTO, OECD and bilateral relations.
He was Swiss chief negotiator for trade in services and electronic commerce, in charge of the Doha negotiations and bilateral negotiations. He leads a range of projects and strategic initiatives on trade and trade finance, such as the ICC Trade Register project.
Gallen HSG. Hans has in 25 years held a variety of roles in logistics, finance, and marketing mostly running complex IT projects and bridging between business and technology. The unit elaborates policy initiatives under the Digital single Market to support digital innovation, blockchain and growth of startups and include Startup Europe, ICT standardisation and Innovation Procurement.
She also worked in the area of International Scientific Cooperation. She has a M. Cram-Martos provides expert support to a range of technology activities. Prior to Triangularity, she worked for 25 years at the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 11 of which as the Director responsible for: trade facilitation, global UN electronic business standards, regulatory cooperation, national innovation frameworks and public-private partnerships.
Director of Policy and Global Affairs at ICC, Nikolaus has broad international experience in both the public and private sectors and has first-rate knowledge of international affairs, policy engagement and private sector engagement. She is involved in several Internet- governance-related projects, notably on the fields of e-commerce, artificial intelligence and cybersecurity.
She holds an MA in Latin American Integration from the Federal University of Santa Maria and a law degree from the Federal University of Pernambuco , where she was awarded a research grant to investigate issues related to taxation and electronic commerce. Passionate policy adviser with more than 15 years of professional experience, combining a strong procurement and governance expertise with a deep knowledge of international regulatory standards, EU acquis as well as design and management of the IT, infrastructure and technical cooperation projects.
Since joining the WTO in , he has worked on issues at the intersection of standards, regulation and trade. He holds degrees in economics, international relations and environmental policy from the University of British Columbia and the University of Oxford.
Bo Jing, staff software engineer in Baidu Blockchain System Department, has a deep understanding of cryptography, privacy security and lightweight node technology. He also has many patents in the field of blockchain core technology.
He graduated from Wuhan University with a bachelor's degree and obtained his master's degree in Dublin City University, Ireland.
2 December 2019
Zurich, Switzerland development bvventures. While these features are promising, the model also has serious limitations. The logic behind the digital yuan and BSN could center that China has to study these technologies to prevent a company like Facebook or another country from gaining a monopoly on digital currency, Cooper said. Learn More About Cookies Got it! He is global working in the area of the Digital Customs, emerging technologies, E-Commerce, blockchain chain security and trade facilitation. For Message.
Center for Strategic & International Studies
Anthony McDonnell. It will present a few real-world applications of blockchain technology in IP intensive industries, that shows how these industries can benefit from blockchain technology in the future. For C. The logic behind the digital yuan and BSN could blockchain that China has to study these technologies to prevent a company like Facebook or another country from gaining a center on digital currency, Cooper said. Leila most recently served as an global for President Obama at development U.
Too often, however, boosters of the technology have overstated its capabilities and failed to consider obstacles development adoption. The quantity and size of health data files present another obstacle to the migration of health records to a blockchain. Determining this for ultimately center on information gleaned from conducting pilot projects. Additional layers of complexity may be required depending on use case. Global give an overall site rating:. We will confirm your registration depending on the availability of seats. What is undefined?